The Hobbit Overview Review Essays - Film, Fiction, Literature

The Hobbit: Overview Review The Hobbit: Overview Review CHARACTER INTRODUCTION BILBO BAGGINS: The Hobbit who led the Dwarves to the Lonely Mountain to reclaim their treasure from the dragon Smaug. He found the One Ring in Gollum's cave GANDALF: The Wizard that accompanies Bilbo and the dwarves on their quest. He is well versed in magic spells and often calls upon them to save his comrades. THORIN OAKENSHIELD: Son of the King of Dwarves who were driven from the Lonel y Mountain by Smaug. With the aid of Gandalf and Bilbo he seeks regain his trea sure and the throne. When Smaug died he truly became King under the Mountain, t hough he was killed in combat in the battle of five Armies. SMAUG: The dragon of the Lonely Mountain who hordes the treasure he stole from the dwarves of Dale. GOLLUM: He is perfect example of the evil powers of the One Ring. He was born a Hobbit but had the ring too long. It made him into a slimey little creature who only lives to possess the ring. BARD: The archer who killed Smaug. He shot the dragon in the one spot it had no protection. The towns people later considered him a hero. What the people didn't know it was Bilbo who discovered the weak spot in the dragon's iron scales. BEORN: An enemy of orcs, he becomes friends with Bilbo and Gandalf. He has th e ability to change forms from human to bear. It is he who determines the outco me of the battle of five Armies. STORY SUMMARY The book begins with Bilbo Baggins enjoying a pipe after breakfast. Th is is one of his favorite pleasures and he feels quite content in doing so. He is middle-aged, and resides in a clean warm burrow in the ground. One morning Gandalf, a wizard stops by to chat with Bilbo. He informs Bilbo that he is looking for someone to go on an adventure with him. Although Bilbo is tempted he declines, but not before inviting Gandalf for tea the next morning. The next day Bilbo hears his doorbell and he recalls inviting Gandalf for tea, but instead of the wizard at the door, there is a group of dwarves... thirteen in all. Thorin son of the dwarf king starts to outline a plan on how to regain the tr easure stolen by the dragon Smaug. Bilbo is shocked to realize these plans involve him! He then realizes that Gandalf has tricked him by inscribing on his doo r that he was a burglar seeking a job with lots of excitement. With all this talk of quests and glory Bilbo decides to join the party after all. Gandalf reveals a key and a map of their journey which ends at the Lon ely Mountain. It is there that the treasure of Thorin's ancestors are kept-guar ded by Smaug. The quest begins and the party meets at the Green Dragon Inn. From there they venture into the Lone-lands. As heavy rains begin to fall, Bilbo notice s that Gandalf is missing. When it starts to pour they stop to investigate a light. There Bilbo finds three trolls grumbling about food. Bilbo decides to live up to title of burglar and attempts to pick one of the trolls pocket. However they quickly capture him. The dwarfs see what's going on and try to save poor Bilbo... yet all of them except Thorin is caught. Thorin formulates a plan of freeing them but fails. Gandalf returns and occupies the trolls till dawn, then the turn into stone. They group take the two swords and a knife the trolls were carrying. The travelers come across the Secret Valley. There they stop at Elrond 's Last Homely House. Elrond tells them the only way to use the key that Thorin possesses is to wait where the thrush knocks and the setting sun will shine up on the keyhole. The next morning the group heads toward the Misty Mountains. A storm has caused them to seek shelter in a cave. The cave however turns out to be an entrance to the goblin kingdom. Once again the group is captured. Only Gandalf is free, and he slays the Goblin King, and once again free the party from impend ing doom. During the escape Bilbo is knocked unconscious and is left behind. He awakes to find himself power which makes it's wearer invisible - the ring which Bilbo found. Bilbo slips the ring upon his finger and disappears. He follows Gollum stealthily toward the entrance to the outside world. He then bounds over Gollu m's head to freedom.

Free Essays on Another Step Towards Proving Evolution

Breaking news shows that researchers may have discovered the mutation that caused early humans to evolve from apes. Biologists and plastic surgeons at the University of Pennsylvania and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia were the first to report the discovery of this mutation. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, these scientists believe that this mutation formed a gene that led to smaller, weaker jaws and bigger brains. A mutation is a change in an organism’s genetic material. Because of the smaller jaws, the structure of the skull changed, leading to the ability of growth in the brain that was capable of doing more. Dr. Hensall Stedman of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine stated that the brain has tripled in size since the mutation. They estimated that the mutation occurred about 2.4 million years ago in the grasslands of East Africa, and based their calculations on the belief that genetic mutations occur at a constant rate. It was around th is time when humans featured rounder skulls, flatter faces, smaller teeth, and weaker jaws. People at this time also began making their food with tools. Researchers have looked at fossil records to determine this time of change. Jaws have been a focus of evolutionary research since Charles Darwin. His theory of evolution by natural selection includes the ideas of genetic variation, environmental pressures, and lots of offspring. He was born in Shrewsbury, England on February 12, 1802 and died on April 19, 1882. Darwin was one of the originators of the idea of natural selection and was the first of the evolutionary biologists. He came out with a book called The Origin of the Species in 1859 where he explained his take on evolution by natural selection. This book is recognized as the leading work in natural philosophy and the history of mankind. This introduced much controversy which still exists today. His theory of natural selection works as follows. Variations occ... Free Essays on Another Step Towards Proving Evolution Free Essays on Another Step Towards Proving Evolution Breaking news shows that researchers may have discovered the mutation that caused early humans to evolve from apes. Biologists and plastic surgeons at the University of Pennsylvania and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia were the first to report the discovery of this mutation. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, these scientists believe that this mutation formed a gene that led to smaller, weaker jaws and bigger brains. A mutation is a change in an organism’s genetic material. Because of the smaller jaws, the structure of the skull changed, leading to the ability of growth in the brain that was capable of doing more. Dr. Hensall Stedman of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine stated that the brain has tripled in size since the mutation. They estimated that the mutation occurred about 2.4 million years ago in the grasslands of East Africa, and based their calculations on the belief that genetic mutations occur at a constant rate. It was around th is time when humans featured rounder skulls, flatter faces, smaller teeth, and weaker jaws. People at this time also began making their food with tools. Researchers have looked at fossil records to determine this time of change. Jaws have been a focus of evolutionary research since Charles Darwin. His theory of evolution by natural selection includes the ideas of genetic variation, environmental pressures, and lots of offspring. He was born in Shrewsbury, England on February 12, 1802 and died on April 19, 1882. Darwin was one of the originators of the idea of natural selection and was the first of the evolutionary biologists. He came out with a book called The Origin of the Species in 1859 where he explained his take on evolution by natural selection. This book is recognized as the leading work in natural philosophy and the history of mankind. This introduced much controversy which still exists today. His theory of natural selection works as follows. Variations occ...

Rewrite the first draft of the business plan Essay

Rewrite the first draft of the business plan - Essay Example Those who had dealing with us in the past need no more elaboration about us. That which is evident requires no introduction or appreciation. Our clothing selections and exclusive personal style services would make it an attainable reality to own a special dress for every woman. Beauty, to a great extent, is God-given. But we shall certainly make one more presentable and admirable. Our Style Assessment will be done by an experienced specialist, and we have specially designed a questionnaire aimed to reveal your projections as to the type of dress needed by you. We have a unique album that gives minute details/measurements of thousands of patterns, and an exclusive photo album. You will be shown an exclusive range of fabrics in different color/patterns, which is specially created for us by the experts and you won’t find this range in any other boutique during the season for which it is intended for. This is the guarantee and the entire range is copyrighted. Take our assurance to your exclusiveness. Women assess it better and men understand it well. Fashion is such a unique concept. I head the think tank (management) of our designers group consists of 4 women and 1 man. This is no ordinary paper partnership. Each one of us is an expert, and thinks much ahead than what is available in the fashion world today. Our sole concern is our customers are well and exclusively dressed. Step into a right company, and we look forward for a long and happy association with each of our client. People come to us with an enquiry and end up being our permanent clients. We have a purpose in everything we do—to work for the entire satisfaction of our customers. Patrick Lencioni writes, â€Å"An organization that has achieved clarity has a sense of unity around everything it does. It aligns its resources, especially the human ones, around common concepts, values, definitions, goals, and strategies’, thereby realizing the synergies that all great companies

Economic & Marketing (Research Project) Research Paper

Economic & Marketing ( Project) - Research Paper Example The field of financial services and the people who work in it are far more diverse than or other pervasive images would lead one to believe. It is a field that offers an extensive range of career opportunities to several people who do not fit any of the stereotypes of financial wizards. Indeed, life of people employed in finance affected almost every aspect of business because money still does make the world go around. Personality traits of a person to take finance as a major of study are quite a number. A person needs to be a highly motivated individual, well driven to make money and very outgoing. In addition, majoring in finance, there are regulatory requirements that need to be taken into consideration namely; economics, accounting, business finances, business law, stock market and other related areas of study (Fabozzi 99). A person need to be competent with statistics and all things involved in the world of business finances. Those who pursue careers in finance in the coming yea rs find that their activities are increasingly global in nature. Investing and cross-border financing are made easily due to technology and more common than they have ever been. Developing nations and former Communist countries continue to grow due to capitalist institutions and stock market (Sumichrast 11). It will be an electrifying time to be involved in the wide variety of careers available in financial services. An opportunity in financial careers explores a range of jobs available to newcomers as well as those who are more seasoned in the world of finance. The type of work a bank clerk, teller, or administrative assistant performs at the most well recognized financial institution for example the bank, is a good example of the type of job that lies in the field of finance. Within these broad categories, a range of jobs is revealed. In general, the financial institutions e.g. the bank, offer a great deal of predictability and stability as well as competitive salaries, and this w ill remain so in the foreseeable future. In developing countries, availability of agricultural credit as a policy is expanding due to accelerate of rural and agricultural development. Credit institutions in many countries are heavily subsided. Finance being taken as a course in many institutions has greatly affected developing countries due to the knowledge of financial analysts in the country. This is a great significant to the society at large and personal wellbeing. Changes in interest rates, pricing policies, financial liquidity and taxation, asset composition, capital formation, and inflation, along with other phenomena, compose a set of factors, which introduce a new situation in the economies of developing countries (Sumichrast 20). As one who is intimately involved with management and decision-making can attest to the overriding importance of the macroeconomic factors, which impinged on daily decisions. There are key education elements required in finance sector. Bachelorâ⠂¬â„¢s degrees in finance, accounting, business or a related field are the recommended field in studying finance as a course. A keen understanding of insurance, banking and stock market practices plays a significant role for one to be successful in finance and attain professional and specialization credentials (Brigham 200). Retirement planning, investing tactics and insurance fall under a course program in financial advisory. A student who is

Health Care Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Health Care Reform - Essay Example Patients rely on doctors because they are trained professionals, with the knowledge to help and cure patients’ medical conditions. A key aspect that reinforces the power of physicians is America’s vision of progressive health care technology, and the requirement to exploit new measures and medications. The United States is far behind the rest of the developed countries in terms of their life expectancies, but the cost for health care is much higher than all of the other developed countries as well (Cassel, 2005). This is due to the reliance on new technologies, and this problem is two-fold: on the one hand, pharmaceutical companies and medical technology producers push new drugs, prescriptions, and medical technologies and incentives are given to doctors to utilize this new technology (Mechanic, 2006). This is also coupled with the fact that nowadays; the American public is becoming more interested in these new technologies due to information provided, through advertising and other means, by the pharmaceutical companies themselves. As medical technologies, procedures, and medications continue to advance, the cost of providing such care also advances. In the first half of the 20th century, medical care was paid for out-of-pocket, by the patients themselves. When costs continued to rise above what patients could pay, another capitalist scheme was developed to cash in on the commodity of health care; insurance. The first forms of insurance were basically managed by businesses. They offered insurance to their employees, as an added fringe benefit; sacrificing a proportion of their salary or wages (Porter & Teisberg, 2006). This pretty much remains true to this day; most Americans receive their health care insurance from their employers. A growing problem in the uninsured population also exists in the waiting period that has been assigned to most business insurance programs; for a short period of time many employees and there families remain uninsured (Porter &

Separation of Powers UK

Separation of Powers UK What was the purpose of the ‘separation of powers as originally envisaged? How does it operate in contemporary practice? Note: Headers have been removed to show that word count is not breached by more than 10% To answer these questions I will need to identify a few key concepts, firstly Separation of Powers and what this means- Separation of powers is the idea that the three functions of government: Legislation, execution and adjudication should be dealt with by separate branches of government: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary[1]. When it comes to the phrase ‘Originally envisaged it has to be worked out who is being referred to the- Montesquieu is the person generally linked with the phrase separation of powers which he wrote about in The Spirit of the Laws. I will speak about Montesquieu views in the first section of the essay. ‘Originally Envisaged may however also refer to the views of the founding fathers and in particular those that contributed to the Federalist papers as they wrote numerous times about the importance of the separation of powers. (To tackle how it was originally envisaged I will make reference to documents written by these parties and extensively use q uotes from The Spirit of Laws, The Federalist Papers and the American Constitution to back up my points and to analysis what they originally envisaged) I will write about this in the section after discussing Montesquieu and his views on ‘Separation of powers. These two sections will answer the section of the question on how ‘Separation of Powers was ‘Originally envisaged; I will then discuss what the purpose of ‘Separation of Powers was according with relation to Montesquieu The Founding Fathers. I will then go onto answer the second part of the question- Outlining where ‘Separation of Powers is not being strictly followed and where problems exist within the system and where ‘Separation of Powers is followed in Contemporary America. Montesquieu is an important figure when discussing Separation of Powers due to his book The Spirit of the Laws in which he outlines why the Separation of Powers is necessary and how it should be separated. Montesquieu discusses how ‘Democratic and Aristocratic states are not necessarily free ‘Tis necessary that by the very disposition of things power should be a check to power'[2] In other words there should be checks and balances to ensure Liberty can exist. Ensuring Liberty is a key theme in The Spirit of Laws and could be seen as the purpose of the ‘Separation of powers according to Montesquieu. But to be able to tell if this operates successfully in contemporary practice we must look at we must look at how Montesquieu explains it- he uses the British constitution as his main example[3] seeing the British system as one that was a free state[4]. He sees the reason for this is because of the independence that exists between the different bodies- ‘Legislative , Executive and Judiciary stating that There is no liberty, if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers'[5] this system of power being restrained by other powers[6] is the reason according to Montesquieu why the British constitution could ensure Liberty. These regulations on power had in Montesquieus opinion the power to stop corruption or tyranny as he believes that ‘Every man invested with power is apt to abuse it'[7] This is an argument for the separation of powers as the statement ‘Every Man suggests that any person given absolute power will ‘abuse it, It is important to note however this does not mean that Montesquieu favoured democracy he simply believes that as long as there is separation of powers liberty is ensured he even states that most Kingdoms of Europe enjoy moderate government[8] Not because of any democratic principle but because ‘the prince who is invested in the first two powers, leaves the third to hi s subject'[9] (The third power referring to the Judiciary). Montesquieu places much emphasis on judicial independence, which is important to note as it will become relevant when looking at how it operates in contemporary practice as the appointments by the executive to the Supreme Court may be a potential problem. Another point to note within this section is how separate Montesquieu intended the different bodies to be- whilst he stated that they should remain separate he also mentions that if ‘The legislature think itself in danger by some conspiracy against the state It might authorise the executive power, for a short and limited time, to imprison suspected persons'[10] this suggests that whilst Montesquieu believed that separation was necessary he also believed that if necessary the different parts of government should be able to interact in such a way if it is deemed necessary. It is also important to make clear that Separation does not mean that the 3 different parts will not be able to communicate, indeed Montesquieu believes it necessary for example the Judiciary to be informed of law from the legislature and that they must follow the ‘exact letter of the law'[11]. To summarise Montesquieus views on Separation of Powers I would say that he believes that the purpose of the Separation of the three bodies of government is to ensure that power is not abused, however as mentioned previously there are some limitations to this separation which can be summed up by Montesquieu himself ‘Should abuses creep into one part, they can be reformed by those that remain sound'[12]. Montesquieu is important as he heavily influenced the founding fathers during the creation of the American Constitution and it can be seen that the founding fathers have built upon Montesquieus writings in The Spirit of the Laws, It should be noted however that although Montesquieu was the first person to write about the Separation of in the way it is contemporary understood, there are many links to Polybius and the concept of a mixed constitution[13], Polybius also mentions separate branches of government[14] and as such is important to note along with Montesquieu when discussi ng separation of powers. I will now discuss what the Founding fathers (Specifically those involved with the drafting and approval of the constitution) thought of the Separation of powers as how they ‘Originally Envisaged is crucial to answering the second part of the question, this section will be less detailed than the section on Montesquieu as they were heavily influenced by Montesquieu (Which I will prove later) so will share much of the same purpose and views on the Separation of powers. I will look at a few key Documents from the Federalist papers- 47 and 51- and also at the American Constitution, the Constitution should give an insight into what was originally envisaged and the Federalist papers should give more of an insight into what the purpose was. Firstly the American constitution- the phrase ‘Separation of Powers is not found in the constitution however the principles are prevalent throughout it and the influence of the concept of ‘Separation of Powers strong, many of the constitutions of individual states specifically mention the need for separation of powers[15] Notably Virginia- ‘That the legislative, executive, and judicial departments of the Commonwealth should be separate and distinct'[16]. Although the American constitution does not cite anything quite as clear as Virginias section on the Separation of powers the way it is built is clearly shows the influence of Separation of powers with legislative power being granted to Congress in the first article ‘All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress'[17] Similarly Executive power granted to the president ‘The executive Power shall be vested in a President'[18] and Judicial power ‘The judicial Power of the United S tates shall be vested in one supreme Court and in such inferior courts'[19]. It is clear that whilst separation of powers is not mentioned as it is in the Virginian constitution the principle is well and truly understood and represented by the Founding Fathers and the Constitution, these three quotes were taken from the first three articles respectively, so it can safely be assumed that the Separation of Powers in some form or another was an aim of the constitution. So as ‘Originally Envisaged the constitution shows that three distinct branches were considered necessary, with regard to what the purpose of it was we need an insight into what the Founding Fathers considered, and the Federalist papers provide such an insight which is extremely useful when trying to find out the purpose of ‘Separation of powers. I will now discuss the relevance of the Federalist papers and conclude on what they saw the purpose as. The Federalist papers were essentially pieces of propaganda designed to gain support for the constitution[20], they were written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison[21] who were all founding fathers- James Madison is of particular importance as he is considered the Father of the constitution and is said to have played a ‘Pivotal Role in the drafting of the document[22], the papers were published anonymously but the two papers I will be looking at are said to be written by- 47 (Madison) 51 (Either Hamilton or Madison)[23]. The reason I have chosen these two papers is because they both make mention of Separation of powers and as Madison is considered the Father of the constitution it will give an insight into what the purpose of Separation of Powers was as originally envisaged by the Founding Fathers in the Constitution. Firstly Paper 47, this paper by James Madison makes it clear what the purpose of Separation of powers is- it states ‘The preservation of libe rty requires that the three great departments of power should be separate and distinct'[24] so like Montesquieu the purpose is Liberty, this paper also acts to support the idea that Montesquieu was a big influence on the American Constitution with the statement ‘The oracle who is always consulted and cited on this subject is the celebrated Montesquieu'[25], as discussed in the section on Montesquieu there are caveats with the separation of powers and Madison also accepts and discusses these in this paper, using Montesquieu as his guide he considers the British constitution and how the three branches and not completely separate[26]. Paper 51 sets out in more detail how the separation of powers will work and further emphasises his purpose of support for the separation of powers ‘The great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself'[27] the important phrase here it to control itsel f, this shows an understanding of the principle of Checks and Balances as this is the way in which the government can control itself, however the general theme and purpose are shown to be the preservation of liberty. So to summarise this section I would say I have shown how both Montesquieu and the Founding fathers are agreed on the purpose of the separation of powers which is to ensure liberty, and they are both generally agreed on the idea of how this will be done- through checks and balances and the separation of the 3 branches of government, however I feel that there is one substantial difference between Montesquieu and the Founding Fathers views on the issue which is- Whilst Montesquieu makes it clear that it neednt be a democracy to ensure Liberty, Madison states that ‘dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government'[28] also Montesquieu believes that there is need for a hereditary body[29] which is not considered by Madison or the founding fathers. To start with I will identify the basics of how it operates, at its simplest level separation of powers can be considered to be the split of the 3 Branches of government into Legislative, Executive and Judiciary[30]- In contemporary America these are split thus: Legislative = Congress- including both the Senate House of Representatives Executive = President Judiciary = Supreme Court and lower courts[31] This system operates in that Executive and Legislative are elected by the public and the Judiciary are appointed by the Executive and approved by the Judiciary[32] (I will critique this as a point where Separation of powers does not exist in a later section). With separation of powers the three branches are to act as a limit to the powers of each other[33] (Checks and Balances) so I will now discuss how this operates in practice, one key way in which this exists is through impeachment, this allows the Legislative to remove the Executive from office ‘for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.'[34], this could be seen as directly meeting Montesquieus statement: ‘Should abuses creep into one part, they can be reformed by those that remain sound'[35] but it also presents a problem as it means that there is an overlap between the different branches however as I have discussed this does not mean a failure of separation of powers, it can however be considered as a potential weakness as ‘Other High Crimes and Misdemeanors is vague and open to interpretation so the ‘Abuses of power Montesquieu could exist here if the executive were to be removed unfairly by a Legislative with ulterior m otives. With the creation of legislation there are numerous checks and balances on the three branches of government I will attempt to point them all out in the explanation of the passage of a bill becoming law- Laws can come from either chamber of congress- and must be passed in both, this is a check on itself and shows the influence of the British model on the American one (as well as on Montesquieu) through the existence of two chambers in the legislature. If the bill is passed by both Chambers it then must be approved by the Executive- who can either veto it or pass it (Which means that the executive has a check on the power of the Legislature), if the executive vetoes it can be overridden by a 2/3 majority in both Chambers of the legislature, which is a check on the power of the executive. If the bill is passed then it has to be approved by the Supreme Court as being constitutional- which is a check on the power of all the other bodies.[36] As can be seen the amount of checks the separat ion of powers works well here other than with the Supreme Court having no check on it and the ability to outright reject a bill. There are a few quirks in the American system that means Separation of Powers is not as clear cut as it could be one issue being that the vice-president is also the president of the senate[37] which is a clear overlap between the Executive and legislative, however as the Vice-President only has a casting vote[38]and does not have as much power as the president in the executive this can be seen as a technical breach rather than a problematic one. Another breach which is possibly more problematic is the appointment of judges to the Supreme Court- these are appointed by the President and confirmed by the senate[39] whilst the fact that they are confirmed by the senate means that there is a check it also means that all 3 branches overlap in this area, it can create problems for the Executive when previous Presidents have appointed judges of a certain political persuasion which can be seen as an abuse of power and therefore Separation of Powers has not been met. To summarise this essay I would say that the Purpose of the Separation of Powers as Originally Envisaged- Which can refer to either Montesquieu or the Founding Fathers- is in both cases the Preservation of Liberty. Whether or not this operates in contemporary practice is debatable, I have been limited in this essay by attempting to answer two questions that potentially could be questions in their own right, I would like to have been able to explore further the Problems and Quirks but with the word limit of a single essay being imposed on two separate questions had to focus more on the questions at hand rather than being able to discuss these issues. I have attempted to use Primary sources as much as possible- My main references being The Spirit of Laws, American Constitution and The Federalist Papers as I feel that this improves the validity of my points. [1] Heywood, Andrew, (2007), Politics third Edition, Palgrave Foundations, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England Pg. 339 [2] Montesquieu, Carrithers, David Wallace Ed. (1977), The Spirit of Laws, London, England, University of California Press Ltd. Pg. 200 [3] David Boucher Paul Kelly, (2009), Political Thinkers from Socrates to Present, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England Pg. 250 [4] Ibid Pg. 251 [5] Montesquieu, Carrithers, David Wallace Ed. (1977), The Spirit of Laws, London, England, University of California Press Ltd. Pg. 202 [6] David Boucher Paul Kelly, (2009), Political Thinkers from Socrates to Present, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England Pg. 251 [7] Montesquieu, Carrithers, David Wallace Ed. (1977), The Spirit of Laws, London, England, University of California Press Ltd. Pg. 202 [8] Montesquieu, Carrithers, David Wallace Ed. (1977), The Spirit of Laws, London, England, University of California Press Ltd. Pg. 202 [9] Ibid Pg. 202 [10] Ibid Pg.204 [11] Ibid Pg. 203 [12] Ibid Pg. 184 [13] Davis Lloyd, Marshall, Polybius and the Founding Fathers: The Separation of Powers, (Written 22/09/1998 Revised 02/09/2006) Available From: http://www.mlloyd.org/mdl-indx/polybius/intro.htm, (Accessed 12/12/2009) [14] Walbank, F.W., (1990), Polybius, London, England, University of California Press Ltd., Pg. 150 [15] Vile, M.J.C., (1967), Constitutionalism and the separation of powers, Oxford, England, Oxford University Press, Pg. 119 [16] Constitution of Virginia, Article 1 Section 5, Available From http://legis.state.va.us/constitution/a1s5.htm Accessed (12/12/2009) [17] American Constitution Article 1 Section 1, Available From http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html Accessed (12/12/2009) [18] Ibid Article 2 Section 1 [19] Ibid Article 3 Section 1 [20] Dahl, Robert A., (2001), How democratic is the American Constitution?, Yale University Press, United States Pg. 64 [21] Ibid Pg. 64 [22] Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/wiseguide/may05/constitution.html, Accessed (12/12/2009) [23] Library of Congress, http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fedpapers.html, Accessed (12/12/2009) [24] Library of Congress, http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fed_47.html, Accessed (12/12/2009) [25] Library of Congress, http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fed_47.html, Accessed (12/12/2009) [26] Ibid [27] Library of Congress, http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fed_51.html, Accessed (12/12/2009) [28] Library of Congress, http://thomas.loc.gov/home/histdox/fed_47.html, Accessed (12/12/2009) [29] Montesquieu, Carrithers, David Wallace Ed. (1977), The Spirit of Laws, London, England, University of California Press Ltd. Pg. 206 [30] Heywood, Andrew, (2007), Politics third Edition, Palgrave Foundations, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England Pg. 339 [31] American Constitution, Available From http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html Accessed (12/12/2009) [32] McKay, David (2009), American Politics and Society, Blackwell Publishers, Printed in Singapore by C.O.S. Printers Pte Ltd. Pg. 47 [33] David Boucher Paul Kelly, (2009), Political Thinkers from Socrates to Present, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England Pg. 251 [34] American Constitution, Article 2 Section 4, Available From http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html Accessed (12/12/2009) [35] Montesquieu, Carrithers, David Wallace Ed. (1977), The Spirit of Laws, London, England, University of California Press Ltd. Pg. 184 [36] McKay, David (2009), American Politics and Society, Blackwell Publishers, Printed in Singapore by C.O.S. Printers Pte Ltd. Pg. 47 [37] American Constitution, Article 1 Section 3, Available From http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html Accessed (12/12/2009) [38] Ibid [39] McKay, David (2009), American Politics and Society, Blackwell Publishers, Printed in Singapore by C.O.S. Printers Pte Ltd. Pg. 47

Essay on Multiple Voices in Morrisons Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon

The Significance of Multiple Voices in Morrison's Song of Solomon  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Of the various manifestations of voice that participate in the interplay of voices in Song of Solomon, I would like to name three - the narrative voice, the signifying voice, and the responsive voice - each of which is dialogized within itself and in relation to the others.    In the opening scene of the novel, the third-person omniscient narrative voice [emphasis added] informs us that at the time of day that Mr. Smith plans to fly from the roof of Mercy Hospital, "word-of-mouth news just lumbered along" (3). This phrase not only encodes the black vernacular but also immediately directs the reader's attention to the cultural, communicative process by which the community structures itself. Interestingly, the phrase appears in the second sentence after Mr. Smith's note about his planned flight appears in the text. Thus, it abruptly shifts the reader's attention from the spectacle of Mr. Smith to the linguistic community of which he is a part. For this community, word of mouth is both a mode of communication and a category of knowledge upon which its members depend. The phrase also stands in contrast to the written word of Mr. Smith's note and therefore, paradoxically, points to his announcement as a suspension of the normative, just as the description of th e community that follows the phrase suspends the reader, along with the curious crowd of onlookers. On the one hand, the narrative voice contextualizes the act of an individual with the attendant communal response; on the other hand, it concurrently informs the reader and abdicates any totalizing ability to do so. Perhaps more importantly, however, in the litany of information about how the bl... ...significance to the listener. By paying attention to how identity is constructed dialogically rather than monologically, the reader hears and celebrates the voices that Toni Morrison both directly and indirectly enacts in the text. But this process also enables the reader to critique those cultural hegemonic forces that have silenced some voices in the first place. A dialogic reading not only encourages the reader to relinquish interpretations which reduce the African American community to a monologic, manageable entity but discourages the reader from coming to closure too easily.    Works Cited Marilyn Sanders Mobley, "Call and Response: Voice, Community and Dialogic Structures in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon," in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon," in New Essays on Song of Solomon, ed. Valerie Smith, Cambridge University Press 1995, 41-68. 42-43:

Hoffman Discount Drugs, Inc

Case 7-3 (2) The first alternative of giving Data Systems control of product with exchange for any product after year end implies that the revenue is not earned until the final product is determined after year end. In this situation, Excello cannot recognize its revenue until Data System is totally sure the final products that they are actually want to purchase. For example, this year, Data System bought 1000 fax machines, but next year Data System will change it to another 1000 ones and return the previous products at the same time. Meaning to say, Excello still have control on it and same goes with Data System.According to FRS, revenue only can be recognize when and the value is determinable. The second alternatives of transfer ownership with guarantee that Excello would purchase equipment with ten year useful life as the sale implies that Excello would have to recognize a liability to Data System in the amount of the revenue. Meaning to say, first Excello needs to transfer the own ership to Data System for the revenue recognition and at the same time Excello needs to recognize the liability towards Data System. Again, if Excello does not recognize the liability to Data System, so it is an offense.The third alternative allows the return of the merchandise for full credit anytime after year end is conditional sale. Revenue should not be recognized until after the deadline for the full credit. Meaning to say, the value should be determinable in order to recognize it as revenue. If I am the chief financial officer, I would recommend to the Data Equipment System for the second alternatives. Of the three alternatives, the second alternatives has the revenue earned before year end and would be in accordance with GAAP as long as Excello also recognizes their liability to purchase a product from Data Systems.The first offer, it is not ethical if we record the revenue too soon because the earning process has not been completed and the conditional exchange still valid. We cannot record the revenue until the product would be exchange. For the third offer, as we know the revenue cannot recognized in the current year. Means that, the actual amount of revenue do not recorded. It is also unethical if we record the revenue since we know the deadline for the full credit is in the next year. We should strive with the virtue perspective such as honesty, objectivity and trustworthiness in recording the revenue.Honesty requires that the statements should be truthful and recognize revenue using generally accepted accounting principles. Objectivity requires that the company should approach its decision about the proper revenue recognition procedure with fair-mindedness and without partially to one set of stakeholders. Trustworthiness means that the accountants should not violate the investors’ faith that the statements are accurate and reliable. Other than that, to make a decision we should consider the greatest good for the greatest number of stakehold ers.

Hungary essays

Hungary essays The history of Hungary started with the migration of the Magyar tribes around the year 896. The first settlements in Obuda along the Danube plains were due to the attacks of the Bulgarians. In 955 the Magyar were defeated by Otto I, and the conversion to Christianity started (Herbbert, 55). The region was divided into the three cities of Obuda, Buda, and Pest. In 1873, the three cities were merged together to form the modern day Budapest. The Danube river divides Budapest into two main parts, the Buda side on the western bank and the Pest side on the eastern bank. Four main bridges connect the two sides of Buda and Pest. Buda Castle and Gellert Hill are the two major historical sites on the Buda side, which was settled between 1242 and 1244. The Buda Castle is a historical quarter that includes the Royal Palace, the Castle District, Mary Magdalene Tower, and Fishermans Bastion (Lukacs, 68). The first town of Budapest was located along the slopes of Gellert Hill. The hill includes the Liberation Monument and the terraces of the Citadel. The Royal Palace is located on the southern part of the castle. The medieval palace that stood here was destroyed during the battles against Turkish invaders, leaving only the fortified walls as the memento (Herbbert, 40). King Charles III of Habsburg built a new palace between 1714 and 1723. It was designed in a Baroque style by Fortunato de Prati and supervised by Johann Holbling (Herbbert, 40). Today the Royal Palace is used to house historical museums. The Castle District is a medieval little town with atmospheric streets, picturesque houses, gas lamps, and beautiful monuments (Brief). The main street includes Trinity Square, Matthias Church, and the Cave system. Trinity Square is the centerpiece of the Castle District, which features a monumental Holy Trinity statue and Matthias Church. Matthias Churc...

Why I Love Cars †Creative Writing Informal Essay

Why I Love Cars – Creative Writing Informal Essay Free Online Research Papers Why I Love Cars Creative Writing Informal Essay Ever since I was little, I’ve liked cars. Fast cars. Expensive cars. Cars that I wouldn’t be able to afford for decades, much less even see in person. Granted, I grew up around cars, but I was never taught to enjoy them. It was something that I had been around so much, that I grew to love it. As a kid, you would find Road Track magazines and Porsche books and brochures on my shelves and Ferrari posters on my walls. Don’t ask me why cars are my passion, I can’t give you a qualified answer. I do know that my dad’s expensive taste has certainly rubbed off on me. Two of his cars stand out from my childhood, a Cloud White Nissan 300ZX Turbo and a Guards Red Porsche 944. I can remember riding in the Nissan, but not the Porsche. My mom has a picture of me â€Å"helping† my dad wash the Porsche. At the time of the picture I was about two and half. Even though I was far too young to appreciate the marvel of engineering that lay before me, I was happy and enjoying myself. I was probably more fascinated by the soap bubbles rather than the sexy sheet metal though. My first car was a Volkswagen Jetta. It was no road going race car, but I loved it anyway. Sure, I could talk all day about cars I didn’t own, but at the time I couldn’t change the oil on the car I did own. So began my learning about Volkswagens. In my case, experience was the best teacher. Eventually it came time to change brake pads. With all of my tools and parts gathered, I set off to the garage to get to work. In theory, the brake job should have been completed without any trouble. Not so fast. As tools are wont to do when needed most, my piston compressor gizmo went AWOL. After quickly scouring the immediate area, I realized that if I didn’t figure something out, I wasn’t going to be doing much driving that weekend. Resolve and determination firmly engaged, I cobbled together a substitute device. With the power of C clamps, blocks of wood, foul language, and elbow grease, I finished the job. Two hours behind schedule. Not only was it a pain in the ass, it was a pain in the ass I enjoyed. Enter stage left, my younger brother ready to inherit my Jetta. Enter stage right, my replacement, a Volkswagen GTi 337 Edition. Halleluiah. It was actually quick enough to get out of its own way and didn’t feel like it was riding on a block of Jello. It was my new favorite toy, my new baby. I would spend hours washing and waxing it only to have it dirtied by two trips up and down my limestone driveway. I didn’t mind, I got to spend quality time with something I loved. I would become the giddy little kid with the Porsche again. Then it was wrecked. A woman in a tank of Buick didn’t yield on a turn for me. She raked down the entire driver’s side of the car. Needless to say, I was fuming. I’ll forego the graphic description of the events that followed. A fender, door, rear quarter panel, two wheels, and three months later I got it back. I wasn’t impressed. My 337 Edition, one of 1500 produced, would never be like its brethren. I was certainly not happy about the whole thing, but after awhile I cooled off. The car and I had shared an experience together. We learned how to deal with insurance agencies and body shops together. However nonsensical it sounds, after spending so much time and money on the car, I couldn’t help but feel a bond with it. Research Papers on Why I Love Cars - Creative Writing Informal EssayThe Fifth HorsemanTrailblazing by Eric AndersonBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTwilight of the UAWPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West MeetCapital PunishmentThe Hockey Game

Funding cuts due to technology in educational environments Essay

Funding cuts due to technology in educational environments - Essay Example Yet, many of these employees have worked for your institution for years, some are over the age of 55, several have documented physical disabilities, and 25% are ethnic minorities. About half of these employees are part of a strong union, the other half have worked for senior administrators in the organization who have given them glowing annual reports, and three are personal friends of the Board/individuals who hired the CEO. An unknown senior staff member leaked the report to the media and now the internal and external communities are in an uproar. Your CEO called you to her office and has given you 48 hours to identify and analyze the critical implications and issues if she decides to move forward with this action. She requires a clear, concise and persuasive essay presenting your analysis and your immediate and long-term recommendations. She insists that your recommendations be based on research and theory in leadership, change management, communications, interpersonal effectiveness, and the political realities of implementing this change if she decides to go forward with it. In today’s society, organizations undergoing technology-driven transformations must fully comprehend that technology is only one of a variety of inter-related workings which drive organizational performance. A multi-system viewpoint of organizations highlights the interdependencies between an organizations technology, structure and culture, and how these affect organizational processes and behaviors. Thriving technological innovations necessitate that either the technology be created to fit the organizations current arrangement and culture or that the organizational arrangement and culture be remade to fit the strain of the new technology. Therefore, the desired effects of new technology are most often realized in organizations and are able to execute the further changes that are required to maintain an overall fit. The author, as the recently

Sustainable Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainable Operation Management - Essay Example The sudden shift in the approach of companies towards sustainability occurred due to the sheer pressure from the customers, investors, local people in the area of operation and to some extent the employees (Dernbach, 2002). This report will shed light on the importance of sustainability in an organization. In addition, factors such as benefits of sustainability will also be covered. However, the principal purpose of this study is to address the issues that companies are facing in developing and implementing sustainability policies. Apart from addressing the aforementioned issues, the report will also emphasize the effectiveness of the approaches of different companies towards sustainability. The persisting inconsistencies of those companies in terms of their sustainability will be also highlighted. Finally, based on the outcomes the study will draw a conclusion and will provide recommendations on how to improve sustainability. Before getting further deep into the study, a brief synop sis of what sustainability actually means will be presented below. Discussion Sustainability has always been a significant and relevant issue for a large number of organizations. Sustainability management practices and strategies are of growing importance to every department of the organization. Sustainable development can be defined as a process of development in which the companies meet the present needs of the customers without compromising on the future needs (Bigg, 2004). Over the last few years, there has been an increasing pressure on the companies to reduce operations which harm the environment. Therefore, it is important for the companies to follow sustainable development. The principal driving factors of this drastic shift are competitive pressures, perceived marketing advantages, legal obligations, demands of investors and internal ethical values of the firm. The organizations which have considered sustainable development got benefitted to a large extent. For example, the se companies have been able to reduce their operating costs, increase market share and market penetration, increase investment levels, enhance brand reputation, developed new products and markets and improve customer satisfaction process (Misra, 2008). In order to get these advantages, it is important to take sustainable initiatives. According to a study carried out by Deloitte, several factors act as the enabler of sustainability. The major ones are allotted budget, dedicate employees, technology and also the company’s capability to focus on financial and strategic considerations. The table below will depict these factors more clearly. Figure 1 (Source: Deloitte, 2010) It is important that companies should meet the present needs without diminishing the capabilities of meeting future demands. Sustainable development is therefore regarded as a challenge for the organizations. In order to implement sustainable development, companies have to deal with a large number of issues. F or example, the increase in energy and food prices during the year 2008, led to severe food crisis. Despite in the reduction of energy prices, the food prices continued to remain high. The global economic downturn of 2009 has further exacerbated the condition. The negative impacts were reduced growth rates and increasing unemployment (Department of Economic and Social Affair, n.d.). Figure 2 (Source: Carter and Rogers 2008) The significance of sustainability in every department of an organization cannot be denied. However, the importance is more for a